Lavandula angustifolia, commonly known as lavender, has garnered growing scientific interest for its neuroprotective properties and its potential role in managing cognitive impairments associated with neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease. This bibliographic overview synthesizes current research on the pharmacological effects of lavender essential oils, focusing on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting properties. Bioactive compounds such as linalool and thymol appear to play a central role in enhancing memory, attention, and overall cognitive performance. Studies in both animal models and human subjects suggest that lavender, particularly through inhalation, can positively influence the limbic system, modulating emotional regulation and cognitive processes. These findings support the consideration of lavender as a complementary therapeutic strategy alongside conventional treatments for dementia-related conditions, while underlining the need for further clinical trials to validate its efficacy and optimize its use