Agro-Physiological and biochemical drivers of salinity tolerance in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under semi-arid conditions in eastern Morocco
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1
Laboratory for the Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
2
Natural Resources Engineering and Environmental Impacts Team (IRNIE), Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory (LMRI), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Khouribga, B.P. 145, Morocco
3
Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Regional Centre of Agricultural Research of Oujda, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Corresponding author
Mourad ARABI
Natural Resources Engineering and Environmental Impacts Team (IRNIE), Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory (LMRI), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Khouribga, B.P. 145, Morocco
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ABSTRACT
Due to agricultural productivity being constrained by soil salinisation and scarcity of irrigation, especially in arid/semi-arid regions of Morocco, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), due to its ecological adaptability, provides a great alternative option. This study aims to evaluate the effect of salt stress on the agro-morpho-physiological and biochemical behaviour of the ICBA-Q5 variety under controlled greenhouse conditions representative of semi-arid environments. Four concentrations of NaCl (0, 3, 5 and 8 g·L⁻¹) were applied and the impact was monitored on germination as well as on agro-morphological and biochemical parameters. The results show a marked sensitivity of germination to salinity: the rate decreases from 100% in the control to 40% at 8 g·L⁻¹. Growth parameters are also affected, but less pronounced than germination, suggesting an ability to adjust after establishment. Furthermore, the increase in chlorophyll and proline content (PC) indicates the activation of adaptation mechanisms, consistent with osmotic adjustment in response to stress. These results help to clarify the potential of ICBA-Q5 for growing quinoa under saline conditions in eastern Morocco.