Understanding seed germination characteristics is essential for determining how seeds can best be used to meet silvicultural objectives. This study investigated variation in the biometric traits and health status of cork oak acorns (Quercus suber L.) collected from six sites representing two forest populations in northeastern Algeria—Elmachrouha and Ouled Driss—at elevations of 779–1.190 m, and examined the relationship of these characteristics to germination. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences among sites in acorn length, width, and mass (p < 0.001). Tukey’s post-hoc test identified Mghassel as the site with the largest acorns and Kef-Zitoune as the site with the smallest. Across all six sites, elevation was strongly and negatively correlated with biometric traits (r = −0.844 to −0.990). Acorn health status also differed significantly among sites (χ² test, p < 0.001), with the highest infestation rate reported at Bouchahda (approximately 38%). Germination of healthy acorns did not differ significantly among size classes (Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.465), whereas insect damage and rot were associated with reduced germination. Regression analysis indicated a negative relationship between the number of insect perforations and germination capacity. These findings suggest that health-based selection of acorns may be more useful than size-based grading when selecting material for cork oak propagation.