The objective of this research was to estimate fungal diversity in forests and urban conditions in the Central Jungle region of Peru. The study employed convenience sampling along transects, using pitfall traps with attractants. A total of eight sampling units were established, distributed across forest use areas (Cubantia Native Community, Shanqui Village Center, Puerto Ocopa Native Community, and the Agricultural Experimental Station in Satipo of the National University of Central Peru) as well as in sawmills. Fungi were collected from both roundwood and sawn wood. Data were analyzed using SPADE software (Version 3.1), and the diversity indices indicated that fungal diversity in the Central Jungle is relatively homogeneous. Regarding community composition and structure, two fungal divisions were identified, comprising seven orders and eleven families in both forest and sawmill environments located in urban area. Our results showed that the highest diversity of soil fungal communities was observed in the Central Jungle forest. This study highlights the importance of monitoring fungal communities to gain a deeper understanding of how forest management regimes affect the Central Jungle region of Peru.