Influence of protection systems and regulation of growth processes on the formation of yield of Turanian wheat in the conditions of the steppe of Ukraine
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1
Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture of the National academy of agrarian sciences of Ukraine, Mayatska doroga Str. 24, Khlybodarske, Odesa region, 67667, Ukraine
2
Donetsk state agricultural science station of the National academy of agrarian sciences of Ukraine, Zashchitnikov Ukrainy str. 1, Pokrovsk, Donetsk region, 85307, Ukraine
Corresponding author
Tetiana Marchenko
Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture of the National academy of agrarian sciences of Ukraine, Mayatska doroga Str. 24, Khlybodarske, Odesa region, 67667, Ukraine
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ABSTRACT
Durum wheat is important for providing the population with high-quality food products. The variety Triticum turanicum Jakubz. is genetically close to durum wheat. It is necessary to study agrotechnological methods for growing Turanian wheat in the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine that would contribute to high plant productivity, including the use of growth inhibitors and pesticides. The studies were conducted in 2022–2024 in the field crop rotation of the Donetsk State Agricultural Research Station of the NAAS of Ukraine. The main research method was field. Turan wheat of the Sarmat variety was used. Growth regulators Chlormequat chloride and Tava were, studied at different phases of organogenesis in two protection systems. Protection System 1 included herbicide Sheriff (20 g/ha, beginning of tillering); fungicide Paracelsus (0.5 l/ha, first internode); insecticide Presto (0.4 l/ha, heading). Protection System 2 included tank mixture of Primus (0.5 l/ha, herbicide), Dot (0.5 l/ha, fungicide) and Presto (0.4 l/ha, insecticide) in the second internode phase. The application of growth inhibitors led to a reduction in plant height in all variants of the study. The use of chlormequat chloride in the first internode phase reduced plant height in Protection System 1 by 12.7 cm or 10.3% and in Protection System 2 by 13.7 cm or 11% compared to the control (123.2 cm and 124.0 cm, respectively). The Tava preparation was more effective when applied in the flag leaf phase in Protection system 1, with plant height reduced by 11.3 cm or 9.2% compared to the control. In all variants of using growth regulators, the chlorophyll content was preserved compared to the control by 0.3-0.4 mg/g, depending on the protection system. Spraying crops with Tava during the first internode phase in Protection System 1 contributed to the maximum yield of 3.8 t/ha.