Drought is a complex process occurring in the natural environment. It leads to a reduction in water resources and a slow depletion of water in the catchment area. Atmospheric drought is followed by the so-called soil drought, as soil moisture resources decrease and the soil begins to dry out. A further lack of rainfall leads to agricultural drought, which has a negative impact on crop production. For many years, IUNG PIB Puławy has been running the Agricultural Drought Monitoring System in Poland. Based on the Climatic Water Balance (KBWs), it indicates areas where there is a risk of drought in relation to crops with a specific soil structure. The aim of the study was to assess the potential risk of agricultural drought in selected areas of the Małopolska Voivodeship. The districts of Olkusz, Miechów, Proszowice and Dąbrowa, where precipitation is the lowest compared to the provincial average, were analysed. The analysis shows that the risk is not significant, and where it did occur, the importance of agricultural production is relatively small. It was also shown that potential drought risks depend more on soil factors than on crop structure.