Natural disasters constitute a major global challenge due to their profound impacts on land cover dynamics and natural resources. On 8 September 2023, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck the High Atlas region of Morocco, causing extensive human and material losses, particularly in the province of Taroudant. This study investigates land cover changes before and after the Al Haouz earthquake using an integrated remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) framework. Multispectral Sentinel-2 imagery was employed to compute the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) in order to quantify vegetation and surface water dynamics. A supervised maximum likelihood classification was further applied to map and compare the spatial distribution of five land cover classes, water bodies, vegetation, greenhouses, built-up areas, and bare land, across pre- and post-seismic periods. To contextualize these changes within the geo-environmental setting, thematic layers including elevation, geological facies, fault networks, and surface and groundwater resources were generated and integrated into the spatial analysis. The results reveal a marked decline in vegetated areas, an expansion of built-up surfaces, and a significant increase in mapped water bodies following the earthquake. These spatial patterns suggest substantial post-seismic environmental reorganization, likely influenced by geomorphological instability and hydrological redistribution. The integration of land cover, hydrological, and geological datasets provides new insights into territorial resilience mechanisms in seismically active regions. Our findings highlight the critical importance of incorporating hydrogeological considerations into post-earthquake recovery strategies and land management planning. This multidisciplinary approach offers a robust scientific basis for ecological restoration, risk-informed spatial planning, and sustainable water resource management in earthquake-affected areas.