Located within the Eastern High Atlas Mountain Range of Morocco, the Jbel Houanite mining district represents a polymetallic hydrothermal system with a structure-controlled genetic origin associated with a Paleozoic tectonic heritage followed by Atlasic reactivation. The results of the litho-structural studies suggest that there is strong preferential localization of mineralization along E-W and NE-SW fault systems and sub-vertical foliation developed due to inherited Hercynian shear zones. The occurrence of quartz stockwork veins and extensive fracturing would suggest that there has been prolonged hydrothermal circulation through these structural corridors, which were subject to high permeability. Geochemical data also show a clear segregation in metallurgy between a Fe-Zn sulfide assemblage typical of a volcano-sedimentary environment, and another related to an Au-Sb-Ag-Pb hydrothermal event linked to tectonic remobilization. Antimony was found to be the most reliable indicator element for gold mineralization. The hydrothermal alteration of the rocks is dominated by phyllitic assemblages that show enrichment in K-Rb-Cs and depletion in Ca; this reflects intense sericitization associated with fluid movement along deformation zones. The presence of Ag/Au ratios indicates that the prevailing conditions were mesothermal to epithermal, and associated with intermediate depth hydrothermal activity within the crust. Analyses conducted for mineralogical maps and elemental traces show that Au, As, Fe and Sb are strongly spatially associated with each other; with arsenopyrite and stibnite occurring among the principal As- and Sb-bearing sulfide phases associated with the Au-bearing mineralized zones. Geochemical indications of porphyry, volcanogenic massive sulphides (VMS); and Ni-Cu have not been found and thus exclude a direct magmatic or submarine volcanogenic origin, thereby supporting the idea that the mineralization occurred in a tectonically driven orogenic setting. The suite of structural, mineralogical, and geochemical evidence collected indicates that there has been a polygenic process involved with the mineralization first depositing as an early syngenetic sulphide phase, followed by tectonically driven hydrothermal movement of Au and concentration of Au within shear zones. There are also geological similarities between the Jbel Houanite mining district and major orogenic gold provinces within N. Africa, and indicate how important inherited crustal structures are in determining the circulation of fluids and their mineralization.