Abstract The search for non-traditional biofuels, such as next-generation bioenergy crops, is one of the challenges in the world today. In the context of climate change, the cultivation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as a feedstock for biofuel production is promising and relevant. The study was conducted in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine at the Yaltushkiv Experimental Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet NAAS in 2020–2024 using the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and ‘Samaran 6’ sorghum varieties and two application rates of fertilisers (N60P60K60 and N120P120K120). In both varieties, the highest yield of grain (3.30 t ha-1 and 3.45 t ha-1, respectively), biomass (44.6 t ha-1 and 45.6 t ha-1, respectively), bioethanol (1.09 t ha-1 and 1.14 t ha-1, respectively), solid biofuel (12.22 t ha-1 and 12.59 t ha-1, respectively) and estimated energy content (226.32 GJ ha-1 and 233.6 GJ ha-1, respectively) were obtained at the application of N120P120K120 fertiliser rate. A dispersion analysis of data on significant factors affecting net photosynthetic productivity and yield was conducted. A correlation between yield and energy indicators has been established.