Air pollution results in smog, acid rain, ozone hole, global warming, as well as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and cancer, which increasingly occurs in children. Children and infants are particularly vulnerable to air pollution because their immune, respiratory and central nervous systems are not fully developed. Compared to adults, children often spend more time outdoors, and due to their lower lung capacity, they also breathe more frequently, which means that they breathe in much more air than adults - in relation to their body weight. The article concerns data on meteorological conditions, air quality (annual average concentration of nitric oxides, benzo(a) pyrene, PM 2,5 and PM 10 particualte matter) and also morbidity and hospitalization due to respiratory, circulation and cancer diseases in Bielsko-Biala in 2010-2018. The hypertension, cardiovascular malformations and cancer incidence among childern and adolescents, has been systematically increasing since 2010, just like in case of hospitalization due to bronchial asthma and congenital malformations. The basic cause of bad air quality in Bielsko-Biala is low emission and inversion phenomenon which are perfect conditions for smog development. Therefore, certain actions must be taken, which can include: liquidation of coal boilers and replacement with environmentally friendly energy sources (e.g. subsidy of 100% return on investment costs), introducing communication solutions that will lead to a reduction in linear emissions, free communication and ecological education.