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Integrated methodological framework for managed recharge of heterogeneous karst aquifers through deep injection wells
 
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Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
 
These authors had equal contribution to this work
 
 
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Gerardo Augusto Montemayor Ahuja   

Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
 
 
 
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ABSTRACT The development of a deep injection well in a karst environment was carried out to establish an underground storage system in Galería Los Elizondo, México, aimed at mitigating drought impacts and strengthening regional water supply resilience. The research was designed as an applied study integrating topographic surveying, geological and geotechnical characterization, geophysical investigations, hydrological analysis, and hydrogeological evaluation to support the conceptual design of the recharge well. The site defined a surface catchment area of 15 × 30 m (450 m²; 0.045 ha) determined through relief and runoff assessment. Geophysical characterization using magnetotelluric and transient electromagnetic methods identified resistivities ranging from 23 to 270 Ω·m within the upper hundreds of meters, as well as zones with values on the order of approximately 1,000 Ω·m associated with lithological variations typical of karst environments. The hydrogeological assessment considered two strata with thicknesses of 20 m (K = 100 m/day) and 90 m (K = 10 m/day), parameters used to estimate the conceptual hydraulic behavior of the system. Piezometric monitoring at four points recorded average static levels of 625.167, 625.017, 620.946, and 612.897 masl (meters above sea level), with an overall mean elevation of 621.007 masl. Hydrological analysis estimated a maximum surface runoff discharge of 105 L/s and, using adopted temporal parameters (Tc = 5.000 min; Tp = 5.236 min), a total event volume of 370.41 m³ and an effective transient storage volume of 40.58 m³. Critical volumes on the order of −4.51 m³ were identified, with an estimated filling time between 25 and 45 minutes. The integrated process enabled the sequential articulation of the technical components required to structure a systematic procedure for managed recharge in heterogeneous karst aquifers under complex geological conditions.
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