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Research into the possibility of using natural sorbents to purify wastewater from heavy metal ions
 
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Cherkasy State Technological University
 
 
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Olena Khomenko   

Cherkasy State Technological University
 
 
 
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ABSTRACT
Despite the availability of a wide range of wastewater treatment methods, the growing level of anthropogenic pressure on surface water bodies necessitates the improvement of existing water treatment technologies and the development of more effective approaches. One promising area is the use of adsorption methods, which are highly effective and technologically simple. Among the variety of sorption materials for removing heavy metal ions from natural and waste waters, natural sorbents, in particular zeolites, attract special attention due to their high adsorption capacity and availability. This study investigated the adsorption capacity of natural (clinoptilolite) zeolites and their modified forms with respect to Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions with a view to considering their use for the purification of wastewater from heavy metal ions. A periodic method was used with metal ion concentrations in the model solution ranging from 0.05 to 10.0 mg/dm³. The selected concentration levels correspond to the maximum permissible values and are most characteristic of wastewater from metallurgical enterprises. The adsorption capacity of natural and modified forms of zeolite was determined for the adsorption system as a function of sorbate concentration. It has been established that clinoptilolite modified by a combined method demonstrates the maximum sorption capacity. It has been shown that in the range of low concentrations of heavy metal ions (0.05–0.1 mg/dm³) within 24 hours, their complete removal from the solution is observed regardless of the method of sorbent modification. At the same time, with an increase in the concentration of metal ions in the aqueous solution, the efficiency of the adsorption process gradually decreases. The results of the experiments showed that under static conditions, the most intensive removal of heavy metal ions occurs in an acidic environment, which is associated with the effective interaction of Me²⁺ aqua ions with mobile cations of the sorbent. According to research, the sequence of selectivity of heavy metal ions can be represented as як Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Mn2+ . The results obtained confirm that zeolites have great potential for removing heavy metal cations from industrial wastewater due to their high adsorption capacity and availability.
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