Temporal resolution requirements for event-oriented indoor air quality monitoring: Peak attenuation, missed events, and event-ranking reversals
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Universidad Estatal de Milagro
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Indoor air-quality networks are often configured around storage, power, or communication constraints, although the reporting interval can determine whether short events are detected and which event is judged most important. This study quantified that effect without introducing between-instrument confounding. Two co-located technical-replicate units from one EDIAQI low-cost-sensor provider were analyzed within each documented event rather than counted as independent environmental observations. Native approximately 5-s data for PM2.5, CO2, and the sensor-reported total volatile organic compound (TVOC) response were aligned with 26 documented indoor, activity, emission, and ventilation events. Each native series was degraded within sensor to 30-s, 1-, 5-, 10-, 15-, and 30-min reporting by both non-overlapping block averaging and instantaneous sampling. Every possible 5-s phase offset was evaluated. Outcomes were baseline-relative peak retention, net-excursion area-under-the-curve (AUC) retention, event detection using resolution-specific quiet-period thresholds, and event-ranking stability. Uncertainty was estimated by 2,000 event-level bootstrap resamples after reducing phase offsets and technical units within event. At 5-min block averaging, median peak retention was 0.771 (95% bootstrap interval: 0.598-0.895) for PM2.5, 0.987 (0.967-0.996) for CO2, and 0.982 (0.914-0.992) for TVOC response, whereas median net-AUC retention remained 0.998, 1.001, and 0.998, respectively. The native PM2.5 top-ranked event (oil diffuser) was replaced by an exercise/open-door event in both units for all 60 five-minute phase offsets. At 10 min, mean missed-event probability was 0.434 for PM2.5, 0.104 for CO2, and 0.146 for TVOC response. Instantaneous sampling was more phase-sensitive than block averaging. These results show that temporal resolution should be specified from the monitoring decision: intervals that are adequate for integrated event burden can be inadequate for peaks, alarms, or event prioritization. The numerical limits are empirical for the monitored environment and should be transferred only after considering event time scale and sensor response.