Mangrove ecosystems provide essential ecosystem services that support human livelihoods, yet their overexploitation has led to significant ecological degradation. This study aims to develop a dynamic management model for mangrove ecosystems to ensure the sustainability of their ecosystem services. A system dynamics approach was applied to construct a simulation model that evaluates three management strategies: (1) a zero-action strategy, with no intervention in existing mangrove conditions; (2) a single-aspect strategy, focusing on one sectoral policy without integration; and (3) a composite strategy, involving integrated cross-sectoral management. The model simulates the ecological and socio-economic impacts of each strategy over time. Simulation results reveal that the composite strategy performs best across ecological and socio-economic indicators. Compared with the other scenarios, this strategy led to a 70.44% increase in fisheries production, a 20% improvement in benefits from environmental disturbance prevention, a 277% rise in water quality maintenance benefits, a 104.3% enhancement in carbon sequestration benefits, a 268.46% increase in ecological restoration, and a 100% reduction in both chronic poverty and the ecological risk index. These findings suggest that integrated management can effectively balance conservation and human welfare. The model relies on simulation assumptions that may differ from real-world dynamics; therefore, empirical validation is necessary for future applications. This model can assist policymakers and local stakeholders in designing adaptive and sustainable mangrove management strategies. The study provides a novel system-dynamics-based framework for evaluating trade-offs among ecological, economic, and social dimensions of mangrove management, contributing to evidence-based sustainable coastal governance.