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Characteristics of the MK-40 and MA-40 Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment – A Review
 
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1
Department of Fuel and Energy Engineering technologies, Technical College Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq
 
2
College of Water Resources Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, Babylon, Iraq
 
3
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
 
4
Department of Technological Processes, Devices and Technosphere Safety, Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia
 
 
Publication date: 2021-01-05
 
 
Corresponding author
Haider M. Zwain   

Al-Qasim Green University
 
 
Ecol. Eng. Environ. Technol. 2021; 1:39-50
 
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ABSTRACT
Industrial application of ion exchange membranes (IEMs) for saline water desalination is widely used. In this review, two kinds of IEMs were targeted and focused on: cation-exchange membrane (MK-40) and anion-exchange membrane (MA-40). The characteristics of ion-exchange capacity, structural water content, electrical conductivity and diffusion permeability of counter ions and co-ions, as well as the properties in diffusion of alkaline media were reviewed. IEMs are anionic or cationic fixed exchange groups; the diffusion flows of the two IEMs are scarcely impacted by the kind of an ion selective membrane, as well as of the concentration dependence. The salt diffusion coefficient increases alongside the water content in the membrane, whereas the electrical conductivity increases along with the ion exchange capacity (IEC). In addition, the permeability of the charged polymer increases along with the salt concentration, while for the uncharged polymer it decreases. Thus, the methods and formulas for determining the salt diffusion coefficient and osmotic permeability were studied. Evidently, the differences in the microstructure between membranes will significantly affect the permeability of salt transport in IEMs.
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