In recent years it has been observed growing awareness with limited resources of phosphorus. It is estimated that they may be exhausted within 100 years, with the current advancement of technology. More than 80% of the deposits is used for the production of fertilizers and in the chemical industry. This perspective increases the interest in the recycling of phosphorus, which may be recovered from effluent, dehydrated sewage sludge and from ashes after thermal conversion of sewage sludge. Ashes as a result of sewage sludge thermal treatment are characterized by the highest content of phosphorus and the highest recovery potential of over 90%. The aim of this paper is an overview of current methods of phosphorus recovery. The analysis of methods for recovery of phosphorus shows that each of them requires further research and improvement of the processes, and the choice of a particular method depends on many factors.