The importance of small water bodies for the environment consists in keeping it's biocenotic diversity and affecting the biocycle by damming nutrients and other substances. They also have econonomical and recreational significance. Forming of ponds took place through various different processes, and they are a subject of ever-changing environmnent. Since bottom sedmiments of small water bodies can accumulate contaminating nutrients and heavy metals, they are considered to be a relatively simple indicator of environment pollution. This paper aims to present an overview of small water bodies features and significance with emphasis on bottom sediments and their various classifications.