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Utilization of Ziziphus lotus Fruit as a Potential Biosorbent for Lead (II) and Cadmium (II) Ion Removal from Aqueous Solution
 
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1
Plant Biotechnology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93002, Morocco
 
2
Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II (IAV), Production, Protection and Plant Biotechnology Department, Rabat 10101, Morocco
 
3
Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
 
4
National Institute of Health, Department of Toxicology, Health Ministry, Rabat 10 000, Morocco
 
5
Advanced Materials, Structures and Civil Engineering Team, ENSA Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
 
 
Corresponding author
Nosair El Yakoubi   

Plant Biotechnology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93002, Morocco
 
 
Ecol. Eng. Environ. Technol. 2023; 3:135-146
 
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ABSTRACT
The removal of cadmium (II) and lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions by the Ziziphus lotus fruits powder, as inexpensive and eco-friendly biosorbent, was studied in batch mode. Fruits powder (FP) revealed the highest uptake rate at pH=8 and pH=7 for Cd(II) and Pb(II) consecutively. The best metal adsorption rate is obtained with a temperature ranging from 25 to 30°C, a contact time of 90 min, an initial ionic concentration of 100mg/L, and a biosorbent dosage ranging from 3.5 to 5 g/L. The experimental kinetic data of the biosorption process for both heavy metal ions were fitted by the pseudo second order model. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir model. The maximum monolayer biosorption capacities were 33. 94 mg/g and 69. 06 mg/g for Cd(II) and Pb(II) respectively. The main chemical groups which are involved in the trapping of Cd(II) and Pb(II) and which have been revealed by FTIR spectral analysis are : N–C, O=C, H-O, H-C, and O–C. The present research confirms that Z. lotus fruits could be exploited as a low-cost and an effective biosorbent for the elimination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution.
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