This study focuses on the geomechanical characterization of soils at the Jorf Lasfar site, located near El Jadida city in Morocco, within a context marked by natural rock formation processes. The main objective is to identify the nature of the soils in order to optimize the choice of construction techniques suited to local conditions. Our investigations reveal significant variability in the mineralogical and physical properties of the soils depending on altitude.Results show that higher-altitude areas are dominated by clayey limestone soils, characterized by specific plastic and mechanical behavior. Intermediate zones exhibit lithological diversity, including sandy-clay, marl-limestone, and tufa-limestone formations, while low-lying areas are mainly composed of sandy soils with distinct geomechanical properties. This variability is a key factor in defining construction methods adapted to each sector of the site.To support this analysis, several tests were conducted, including direct shear tests to assess mechanical strength, water retention curves to evaluate hydraulic properties, as well as laboratory and in situ tests. These tests enabled the establishment of correlations between the soils’ physical properties, their structure, and their mineralogical and lithological composition. This integrated approach facilitates a better understanding of soil behavior under environmental and mechanical constraints. Framed within a soil protection and sustainable resource management approach, this study provides a solid scientific basis for the design and implementation of engineering works. It highlights the importance of considering geological and geomechanical variability to ensure the stability of structures while minimizing environmental impact. These findings offer a valuable reference for the design and planning of projects on geologically complex terrains, aligning with current challenges in environmental engineering.