This study was conducted to assess the carbon storage potential of forest soils under different vegetation types in the Moroccan Central Plateau, specifically in the Ait Hatem Forest. For each plant community, ten soil samples were collected from the top 30 cm and analysed to determine various physicochemical properties, including soil organic carbon (SOC). To characterize the relationships among soil properties, plant communities, and environmental variables, a multivariate Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) was employed, combined with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to assess the effect of plant communities on soil physicochemical parameters. Our results revealed a strong influence of vegetation community composition on soil carbon stocks. The highest average soil organic carbon (SOC) content was observed in the community dominated by stands of holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia Lam.) associated with several Cistus species. Intermediate to high SOC values were observed in the other holm oak plant communities, as well as in the community composed of stands of Barbary cedar (Tetraclinis articulata [Vahl] Masters), highlighting the major effect of floristic composition on SOC stocks. These findings suggest that differences in plant community composition, as well as potential interspecific interactions, are associated with variations in soil carbon stocks and must be taken into account when designing management and conservation strategies aimed at maintaining or enhancing soil carbon stocks.