This study was conducted to assess the carbon storage potential of forest soils under different vegetation types in the Moroccan Central Plateau, specifically in the Ait Hatem Forest. For each plant community, ten soil samples were collected from the top 30 cm and analysed in the laboratory to determine various physicochemical properties, including soil organic carbon (SOC). To explore the interactions between soil properties and environmental variables, including topographical and geological factors, an analysis of the results was used to examine the relationships between soil properties, vegetation types and environmental variables. Our results revealed a strong influence of vegetation community composition on soil carbon stocks. The highest average soil organic carbon (SOC) content was observed in the community dominated by stands of holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia Lam.) associated with more than one species of Cistus. Intermediate to high values were observed in the other plant communities, as well as in the community composed of stands of Barbary cedar (Tetraclinis articulata [Vahl] Masters), highlighting the major effect of floristic composition on SOC stocks. These findings suggest that differences in plant community composition, as well as potential interspecific interactions, are associated with variations in soil carbon stocks and must be taken into account when designing management and conservation strategies aimed at maintaining or enhancing soil carbon stocks.