Review of olive pomace as an agronomic amendment in relation to current good-practice guidelines: a soil–crop–risk perspective
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Civil Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (LGCE), Water and Environmental Materials Team, Higher School of Technology in Salé, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
2
Sciences and Technology Research Team, Higher School of Technology of Laayoune, Ibn Zohr University in Agadir, Morocco
3
INRA, Regional Center for Agronomic Research of Rabat, Research Unit on the Environment and the Natural Resources Conservation, MA10112 Rabat, Morocco
Autor do korespondencji
Ayoub Doughmi
Civil Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (LGCE), Water and Environmental Materials Team, Higher School of Technology in Salé, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
This review evaluates olive-pomace–derived amendments (compost, co-compost, and biochar) as agronomic inputs, with the specific aim of defining quality gates, usage envelopes, and soil–crop–risk safeguards applicable to Mediterranean and comparable pedoclimates.
We conducted a narrative review with structured screening across major databases, including only studies that applied olive-pomace products to soil and reported quantitative soil and/or crop outcomes alongside product or soil quality indicators (e.g., germination index, electrical conductivity, pH, phenolics, and total/plant-available trace metals). To translate evidence into practice, we adapted established biosolids-compliance logic into product specifications and field-monitoring protocols tailored to olive-pomace amendments.
Across field and pot trials, validated compost/co-compost programs at ~5–20 t DM ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ generally increased soil organic carbon (SOC), water-stable aggregation (WSA), and enzymatic activity, while maintaining or improving yields. Biochar additions (≤10 t ha⁻¹) chiefly enhanced hydraulic and structural properties and helped moderate salinity/drought stress under controlled irrigation. Effective products consistently met GI ≥80–100%, pH 6.5–8.5, context-fit EC, declining phenolics, and low plant-available trace metals. Building on these findings, we provide a tabulated toolkit—product specifications, texture/cropping-system rate bands, and a verification plan (pH, EC, TOC, WSA, enzymes, phenolics, tissue tests, and edible-crop safeguards)—that operationalizes safe, performance-oriented use.
Heterogeneity in extraction technology, storage, bulking agents, and pyrolysis settings limits cross-study meta-quantification; strong context-dependence (soil type, irrigation regime, salinity) remains a key constraint on generalization.
The toolkit offers ready-to-apply labels/specs, dosing ranges, and monitoring checklists for farmers, advisors, and regulators, directly supporting circular-economy valorization of olive by-products.
The review bridges the policy-to-practice gap by adapting quality-gate compliance to olive-pomace products, integrating product specifications with field-level monitoring, and codifying rate/timing guidance by texture and cropping system—together forming a coherent soil–crop–risk framework to accelerate safe, scalable adoption.