PL EN
Calorific value performance of sago dregs biomass products for coal co-firing material
 
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Ukryj
1
Hasanuddin University
 
2
Halu Oleo University
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Yuke Milen   

Hasanuddin University
 
 
Ecol. Eng. Environ. Technol. 2025; 11
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Fossil fuels (petroleum, natural gas, and coal) generate significant CO2, SOx, and NOx emissions, leading to environmental concerns. Co-firing biomass with coal is a potential mitigation strategy, but raw biomass faces challenges such as high moisture and ash content and low calorific value. The pyrolysis process can enhance biomass quality into biochar, which has lower moisture and higher fixed carbon, increasing energy value. However, biochar still lacks the energy density and calorific value of coal. To address this, a hybrid bio-coke was developed by combining biochar and bio-oil from pyrolysis, resulting in a solid fuel with coal-like properties. This study utilized sago waste from Southeast Sulawesi to produce pellets (SD), biochar (BC), and hybrid biocoke (HBC), which were then blended with sub-bituminous coal from Central Kalimantan in various ratios. As the coal fraction increased, performance improved. Due to high moisture and ash, SDC products had low calorific values of 4,155 to 5,466 cal/g. BCC showed a calorific value of 5,898 to 6,810 cal/g with over 55 wt% fixed carbon but suffered from low bulk density. HBCC demonstrated the best performance, with calorific values of 6,945 to 7,108 cal/g, moisture between 4% and 9%, and fixed carbon levels of 54% to 68%. The optimal formulation was a 1:1 ratio (HBCC-4), yielding 6,930 cal/g with a fixed carbon content of 60.90 % and a 1.819 g/cm³ density. This combination enhances energy efficiency and thermal stability, comparable to sub-bituminous coal. Upgrading SD to HBC, before or after blending with coal, significantly enhances energy quality. Sago dregs-based HBC has the potential to be a competitive coal substitute, supporting a sustainable energy transition, while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
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