This study analyses the spatio temporal drought patterns in Sragen Regency, Central Java, by integrating meteorological and vegetation based indicators to evaluate climatic variability and its impact on agricultural productivity. Using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) derived from 30 years CHIRPS precipitation data and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) generated from Landsat 8 and 9 imagery, the analysis focused on three representative climatic periods, 2015 (El Niño), 2018 (Normal), and 2022 (La Niña), covering the dry season months of June to October. The results indicate that 2015 experienced the most severe drought, with extreme and severe drought areas increasing from 3,781 ha in June to 16,600 ha in October, corresponding to SPI values between -1.21 and -2.5 and a total drought affected area of approximately 46,000 ha (63%). During the 2018 normal period, extreme drought expanded from 512 ha to 2,359 ha, while severe drought peaked at 13,687 ha, covering around 56,300 ha (76%), reflecting moderate drought conditions due to partial rainfall recovery. Conversely, 2022 (La Niña) exhibited predominantly wet conditions, with extreme drought areas fluctuating between 28-324 ha, severe drought between 583-920 ha, and nondrought areas dominating over 63,000 ha (86%). Validation using rice harvest data showed a decline in 2015 (97,444 ha) compared to 100,492 ha in 2018 and 104,662 ha in 2022, aligning with drought intensity trends. Spatially, droughts were concentrated in the northern and central regions, characterized by rainfed paddy fields with limited irrigation infrastructure. Overall, the integration of SPI and VHI effectively captures both meteorological and agricultural drought dynamics, highlighting that El Niño amplifies drought severity while La Niña enhances vegetation recovery, thus emphasizing the potential of remote sensing indices in supporting drought early warning systems and adaptive agricultural management in Sragen Regency.